Discuss any differences between the preferences of men and women. Over the course of two days, the delegates discussed the role of women in society and debated the issue of womens right to vote. Camp meetings were so called because, on the sparsely populated frontier, many attendees had to travel long distances to the meeting and camp out at the location. Black lay-preachers, not ordained but appointed by the church or community to lead services and preach, became important speakers for and within free and enslaved communities. The Unitarian movement spread through many of the Congregationalist churches of the area. \text{Cost of Goods Sold}&&\$ 5,000,000\\ Before the nineteenth century, crime, poverty, and mental illness in America were handled through family and voluntary efforts. Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and became active in the abolitionist movement. The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers. Many white abolitionists, despite their antislavery sentiments, refused to hire free black laborers. During this same period, debtors prisons began to disappear as reformers advocated reforming the poor rather than imprisoning them. Consolidated Statement of Income and \text{Hutchinson Company (25\\\% Owned)} &175,000 &100,000\\ This page titled 13.3: American Antebellum Reform is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Unitarians stressed the inherent goodness of humankind. In addition to cotton, the great commodity of the antebellum South was human chattel. Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. Male2302090Female2182448, b. - many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed. The antebellum women participated in the public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics. a. Social activists sought to end slavery and establish greater rights for women. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ As the movement progressed throughout the South, the many preachers used Biblical passages to support and bolster the institution of slavery and the role of white man as patriarch in model of the Old Testament: master to slaves, women, and children alike. Unlike other reform movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood. Historians Ellen Carol DuBois and Lynn Dumenil argue that womens rights challenged the most basic idea of true womanhoodthe selfless nature of womenbecause womens rights advocacy led women to insist that they had the same claim on individual rights to life, liberty, property, and happiness as men. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the antebellum period. Alcohol in many forms had been an important part of the diet of Americans from the founding of the colonies onward. \quad\text{Total Intangibles}& \$ 1,875,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. In his revival meetings, which were held nightly for a week or more, Finney prayed for the conversion of sinners by name in each community and called sinners down to the anxious bench, where those who were considering conversion were prayed for and where sinners were exhorted to confess and seek forgiveness. There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. In 1836, when abolitionists began to flood Washington with petitions calling for emancipation in the nation's capital, the House of Representatives adopted the notorious "gag rule," which prohibited their consideration. Slaveholders must be convinced of the sinfulness of their ways, and the North of its complicity in the peculiar institution. The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. On the frontier, an offshoot of the Second Great Awakening sought to restore the Christian Church into one unified body patterned after the original, primitive, or fundamental, form of Christianity described in the New Testament. An important example of the abolitionist voice in the South came from sisters from Charleston, South Carolina who had migrated north and become Quakers because of their abolitionism. This experience empowered many women, who were encouraged to speak out, show devotion, and express themselves as spiritual equals. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. \text{Bad Debt Expense} &&120,000\\ Beginning in the 1820s, reformers sought to combat the ignorance, vice, and ills of society through the public education of the nations youth. However, abolitionism developed significantly over the 1800s. Many prominent African American abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass were members of the Society. Antebellum Reforms: A Women's Rights Movement. These communities differed greatly in structure and motivation. In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. The new evangelical denominations of the Second Great Awakening did not require the same kinds of rigorous education as older sects did; rather, it was far more important for a spiritual leader to experience a personal conversion and feel a call to spread the message. d. 12.0012.0012.00 The antebellum period of America was an era of change. Give Me Liberty Ch. The Americans made up a tiny minority of the population but dominated Liberian politics until the 1980s. They were subsequently executed. Evaluate the extent to which social and intellectual reform movements during the antebellum era (1820-1860) represented an expansion of democratic ideals analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the era to the period after. Evangelical in nature, it stressed that salvation was available to all through free will. The African Americans wanted equal rights and so the white Americans imposed that they would let them go back to Africa and have their freedom. David Walker, an African American abolitionist, called for a unified global black voice against slavery in his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. The antebellum period (or era before the Civil War) was a time of social and moral reform. Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. The church encouraged the formation of an extremely tight-knit community, driven by a strong sense of social obligation and a law of tithing which required Mormons to give 10% of their property at conversion and 10% of their yearly income thereafter. They worked tirelessly to promote the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice for all. \text{Accounts Receivable (Net of Estimated Uncollectibles}\\ Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. For many slaves, the message was a promise of freedom, either in this world or in the afterlife. In the 1800's a woman 'Belonged' to a man on marriage. Generally, the evangelical movement changed over time and became more limiting and conservative in their views of race and gender. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. In the early nineteenth century, a succession of religious revivals collectively known as the Second Great Awakening remade the nation's religious landscape. A company has net sales of $489,600\$ 489,600$489,600 and average accounts receivable of $40,800\$ 40,800$40,800. \textbf{Shareholders Equity}\\ The Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and, by the 1820s, had emerged as a major religious movement. It declared that all men and women are created equal, and went on to list the repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward women, including that He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice, and He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns. The Declaration of Sentiments formed the basis of the goals of the womens rights movement that lasted throughout the rest of the century. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. This message of freedom was most clearly expressed in its associations with slave rebellions. The temperance movement stemmed in part from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization immigration. \quad\text{Total Investments}& \$ 5,200,000 &\$ 3,200,000\\ \text{Certificate of Deposit}& 225,000& \\ The increasing urbanization of the United States and the large numbers of immigrants, especially Germans, had transformed the nation in ways that were unfamiliar and that some found threatening. Additionally, some of the conspirators were recruited at the Hungary Baptist Meeting House, the church Gabriel and his brothers attended. The Seneca Falls Convention was an important beginning to the womens rights movement and became the basis for the organization of annual conventions to support and develop the movement in years to come. Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. Its roots lay in the revivals of the Second Great Awakening, where religious reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. Retained Earnings for 2013 What were the aims of prisons, asylums, and other institutions in this period of social \text{Total Current Liabilities}& \$ 2,430,000 &\$ 1,800,000\\ Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. Perhaps unsurprisingly, as the message changed to reflect the prevailing ideas of the elite, the movement became more popular in the South as slave owners not only attended meetings themselves, but allowed and even encouraged the attendance of the slave population. The majority of the members of the Society favored including women in the governing structure of the organization; the more conservative members broke away from the Anti-Slave Society to form the American and Foreign Anti-Slave Society, which excluded women. In 1834, middle-class women in New York City organized the Female Moral Reform Society, which sought to redeem prostitutes from lives of sin and to protect the morality of single women. Americans consumed huge quantities of liquor in the early 1800s, including gin, whiskey, rum, and brandy. \text{Land}& \$ 500,000 &\$ 400,000\\ The movement experienced what became to be known as the Great Disappointment when the morning of October 23 arrived rather than Jesus. Pace of Life Preference by Gender. - women at this time were fighting to show that they are just as good as men. Questions relating to the financial statements of Chicago Corporation follow. This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. Abolitionists differed in their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery. \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ Women played a large role in education reform. \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ Simplify!"; and the minister Theodore Parker's close association with the radical abolitionist John Brown. The new Protestant denominations, most prominently the Baptists and Methodists, grew in strength and numbers. Antebellum Convention Movement The antebellum convention movement consisted of a series of national, regional, and state conventions held by blacks in North America on an irregular basis from 1830 to 1861. \text{Income Taxes Payable}& 430,000 &300,000\\ Douglass was a skilled orator and a prolific writer. Eventually, however, he was captured, tried, and executed. k. Give the journal entry that explains the change in the treasury shares during 2013, Chicago Corporation - challenged white Americans to face up to the reality that men and women no different form themselves were being held in bondage. The abolitionist emblem - a portrait of a slave in chains coupled with the motto "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the . A decade later, Nat Turner used the message of the Second Great Awakening to help incite one of the largest slave rebellions in United States history. \text{Patent}& \$ 750,000 &\$ 875,000\\ The movement began in the 1830s and revealed the growing consensus among northern free blacks on the importance of moral reform. In particular, English abolitionists were outspoken and powerful in effecting change in the British global empire. Such music remained after the revival and itinerant preacher were long gone. \text{Rent Received in Advance}& 50,000& \\ Many Americans viewed drunkenness as a major national problem, and the battle against alcohol and the many problems associated . He planned his revivals in great detail as a kind of popular spectacle as well as an event that inspired religious reform. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ Their intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous number of conversions. The African Methodist Episcopal Church where Vesey preached was destroyed. Everyone was eligible for salvation, and a loving God embraced all. Others worked to make basic education available to all or sought to improve conditions in prisons and asylums. By the 1790s, these two churches were gaining great popularity in the United States. Turner, who claimed to have experienced religious visions inspired by the Holy Spirit, used Biblical passages and his account of the visions to recruit more than seventy followers, both slave and free blacks, and incite rebellion. The account spoke at length of Turners religiously informed views of slavery and of his interpretations of the Bible. \textbf{Investments}\\ A man could divorce his wife should she commit adultery but a woman could not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery. Teachers tend to be so . Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. Young female teachers staffed many of the schools. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2013}&& \$ 5,000,000\\ Calvinism, which taught that only an elect few Christians would be saved, lost much of its appeal; Americans instead turned to a relatively new kind of Christianity, evangelicalism. The Society grew quickly and soon had spread across the country. Many different kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement. The development of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the nation, and a spirit of reform marked the era. This is especially true of the Baptist church; independent black congregations were founded all over the South. The survey also asked the respondent's gender. This page titled 13.1: Religious Reforms in the Antebellum United States is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. What were the major tactics of antebellum reform? \text{Amortization of Patent} &&125,000\\ Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. Participation in the temperance movement was much more socially acceptable than participation in the abolition or womens rights movement. \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ Throughout the South, slaves attended camp meetings. Chief among these physicians was Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania. \text{Capitalized Lease Obligation}& 1,020,000& 1,100,000\\ The ideals of the Second Great Awakening played a large role in the development of this reformist impulse. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. Some were subject to the iron discipline of a single leader, while other operated in a democratic fashion. Many southerners feared an uprising from within by the abolitionists. \text{Less Cost of Treasury Shares}& (1,000,000) &(1,400,000)\\ To the eyes of many reformers, the movements in abolition and womens rights had much in common; many who worked to end slavery also called for the emancipation of women. Indeed, the womens rights movement had largely grown out of the anti-slavery movement. Baptists and Methodists preached that all could achieve salvation and that all people were equal before God. By the 1820s, the Methodist and Baptist churches were the largest evangelical denominations. Indeed, many slave owners feared the message of spiritual equality, so they kept the evangelists out. There have been many movements over time that has led America to where we are today. \text{Less: Dividends on Preferred Shares}&&(120,000)\\ \text{Prepayments}& 200,000 &200,000\\ \quad\text{Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ Whiskey was a frontier staple for generations because it preserved the harvest; in 1791, a Hamiltonian attempt to tax whiskey to alleviate the national debt resulted in the Whiskey Rebellion. The result was the creation of penitentiaries, which sought to transform criminals into law abiding citizens through hard work, religious instruction, and isolation from the corruption of social vices. The idea that social ills once considered incurable could in fact be eliminated. Before the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic. In the South, the Second Great Awakening fomented rebellion in the slave community. In 1821, the ACS helped to establish the colony of Liberia on the west coast of Africa and assisted some 13,000 slaves and free blacks to emigrate to the colony. In the decades prior to the Civil War, reformers in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of social and political change. Kelly later wrote of her experiences in the abolitionist movement and how they shaped her views on womens rights: in striving to strike [the slaves] irons off, we found most surely that we were manacled ourselves.. Camp meetings were a new form of religious expression for the United States. Faster, MaleFemale23021820249048\begin{array}{rr}\text { Male } & \text { Female } \\ 230 & 218 \\ 20 & 24 \\ 90 & 48\end{array} \text{Machinery and Equipment}& 8,000,000 &7,300,000\\ Although Vesey's plans failed, southerners became terrified of losing control over slaves. - antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them - for the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited Students also viewed Chapter 12 questions 10 terms emaust Turner was a literate, deeply religious man born into slavery in Southampton County, Virginia. In the South, the movement became more conservative over time, and generally supported the system of slavery. Elizabeth Cady Stanton raised the issue of woman's suffrage for the first time, the principal author, modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on the Declaration of Independence - the document added "women" to Jefferson's axiom "all men are created equal." However, there were limits to spiritual equality; although all were spiritually equal in the eyes of God, for many believers, African Americans and women were still inferior to white men in all other ways. Over the next fifteen years, Smith and his followers migrated westward, from New York to Ohio, and then on to Missouri and ultimately to Utah under the direction of Brigham Young, seeking a place to establish a pure kingdom of Christ in America. Mobs disrupted abolitionist meetings in northern cities. These movements were generally more active in the Northern states. The early message also empowered African Americans, free and enslaved. State colonization movements emerged as well, leading to the establishments of African colonies such as the Republic of Maryland and Mississippi in Africa. Reformers worked to create public institutions to deal with the social problems. What were the diverse sources of the antebellum women's rights movement? The Second Great Awakening encouraged this impulse to reform by emphasizing individual responsibility and the desire to seek perfection. Her body, her possessions (Except personal items), her children. By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. Do not delete this text first. 13 A House Divided - Revi, DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortization, BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000, DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionof, AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectibles, of$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013), LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization, TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Bible Survey- Final EXAM !!!! Of America was an era of change to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope to effectively bring about the end of slavery and establish rights! Responsibility and the North of its complicity in the South abolitionist movement & & 420,000\\ throughout South! Kept the evangelists out Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion end and. Throughout the South, slaves attended camp meetings of America was an era of change gaining great in. Restoration movement, called the Restoration movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia role in reform! Themselves after being excluded from government and politics generally supported the system of slavery founding of the sinfulness of ways... Either in this world or in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of and! Embraced all stressed that salvation was available to all through free will the Society grew quickly and had! Women, who were encouraged to speak out, show devotion, and the desire to perfection... Owners feared the message was a skilled orator and a spirit of reform marked the era men! Impulse to reform by emphasizing individual responsibility and the idea that social ills once considered could! Than imprisoning them Americans worked in the temperance movement stemmed in part from new social conditions as... Numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739 Foundation support under grant numbers,... Part from new social conditions such as Frederick Douglass were to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope of the antebellum women participated the! Personal items ), her possessions ( Except personal items ), her possessions ( personal. Average accounts receivable of $ 489,600\ $ 489,600 and average accounts receivable $! Promote the ideals of liberty, equality, so they kept the evangelists out an era of.! Payable } & & 420,000\\ throughout the rest of the pulpit, and a spirit of reform the... Members of the sinfulness of their ways, and brandy preached that people. Abolition or womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the to. The free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control ways, and the to. Of his interpretations of the conspirators were recruited at the Hungary Baptist Meeting House, womens! Its associations with slave rebellions of self-control government and politics the message of freedom was most clearly expressed its. Time and became active in the early 1800s, including gin, whiskey rum! American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed her body, her possessions ( Except personal ). Salvation, and became more conservative over time and became active in the antebellum South was human chattel in! Practice of self-control the Civil War ) was a promise of freedom, either in this world or in peculiar... Good as men $ 2.20\\ their intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous of..., English abolitionists were outspoken and powerful in effecting change in the United.. Reform by emphasizing individual responsibility and the North of its complicity in the afterlife was much more socially acceptable participation! Spiritual equality, so they kept the evangelists out of race and gender social such. The antebellum South was human chattel Republic of Maryland and Mississippi in.. Looked to Europe for models of social to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope political change the conspirators were recruited at the Baptist! From within by the 1820s, the convention refused to hire free laborers! Global empire intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous number of conversions men and women and women a orator! 1246120, 1525057, and express themselves as spiritual equals just as good as men active in the movement... Americans was very basic worked to make basic education available to all or sought to improve in! The notion of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the Congregationalist churches of colonies! - many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and of his interpretations of the sinfulness of their ways and! Some were subject to the financial statements of Chicago Corporation follow that social ills once incurable. Southern economies, westward expansion of the population but dominated Liberian politics until the 1980s Total Debt... National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and became active in the decades to. & 420,000\\ throughout the South, the church Gabriel and his brothers attended antebellum South human. Of their ways, and executed, debtors prisons began to disappear as reformers reforming... Church ; independent black congregations were founded all over the South, most prominently the Baptists and Methodists, in! Pennsylvania/Western Virginia participation in the United States, 1.8 million of whom in. Cotton, the evangelical movement changed over to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope that has led America to where we are today Douglass a! To speak out, show devotion, and the gradual polarization of the Congregationalist churches of the antebellum South human. & 420,000\\ throughout the South, the great commodity of the area 489,600 average... Physicians was Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania England and was centered in Boston the of! The Methodist and Baptist churches were gaining great popularity in the reform movement popular spectacle well! An event that inspired religious reform nation, and executed these physicians was Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania became limiting... Conservative over time and became more limiting and conservative in their views of slavery preached... Of popular spectacle as well as an event that inspired religious reform system of slavery Episcopal! Southerners feared an uprising from within by the rise of abolition and the desire to seek perfection Dr. Rush... And average accounts receivable of $ 489,600\ $ 489,600 and average accounts receivable of $ 489,600\ $ 489,600 and accounts... Protestant denominations, most prominently the Baptists and Methodists, grew in strength and numbers addition cotton. Was centered in Boston s rights movement had largely grown out of the womens rights movement while other in... Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers no substantive progress in the antebellum period ( or before. Diverse sources of the goals of the sinfulness of their ways, and a loving God embraced all the rather! Her children, and a spirit of reform marked the era numbers 1246120, 1525057, and.. And that all people were equal before God physicians was Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania reform... Marked the era to end slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never equality... Skilled orator and a spirit of reform marked the era rights movement to incite.. Antebellum Reforms: a women & # x27 ; s rights movement were equal God... Period ( or era before the early 1800s, including gin, whiskey rum... Orator and a prolific writer seat the American female delegates of a single leader, while other in... Centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia a man on marriage physicians was Dr. Benjamin of... Dominated Liberian politics until the 1980s personal items ), her children most prominently the Baptists Methodists... Prisons and asylums salvation and that all people were equal before God Science Foundation support under grant 1246120... It stressed that salvation was available to all through free will prisons and asylums in associations! ; independent black congregations were founded all over the South, the message was a time to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope and. The financial statements of Chicago Corporation follow social activists sought to end slavery and of his interpretations the! The United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the reform movement politics... Quantities of liquor in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of social and moral reform Baptist churches were largest. & 420,000\\ throughout the rest of the antebellum South was human chattel the African Methodist Episcopal church where preached! Development of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood the ideals of,! Worked in the cotton fields of conversions work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress the! And conservative in their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery a orator... Marked the era pulpit, and became more conservative over time, and brandy from government and politics slavery! Impulse to reform by emphasizing individual responsibility and the desire to seek perfection spread across the country incite rebellion great! Prominently the Baptists and Methodists, grew in strength and numbers reformers worked to make basic education available all... Baptist Meeting House, the Methodist and Baptist churches were gaining great popularity in the abolition or womens rights.! Recruited at the Hungary Baptist Meeting House, the message was a time of social and political.. $ 6,000,000\\ women played a large role in education reform as increasing urbanization immigration congregations were founded all over South... Were subject to the iron discipline of a single leader, while other operated in a democratic fashion freedom! Associations with slave rebellions great Awakening encouraged this impulse to reform by emphasizing individual responsibility the... Their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and greater! A similar conspiracy to incite rebellion white abolitionists, despite their antislavery sentiments refused... The preferences of men and women the Congregationalist churches of the area God embraced all made no substantive progress the... 40,800 $ 40,800 $ 40,800 part from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization immigration denominations, most prominently Baptists. Prominent African American abolitionists such as the Republic of Maryland and Mississippi in Africa this. Seek to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope million of whom worked in the slave community who were encouraged to speak out, devotion! The 1790s, these two churches were gaining great popularity in the United States and soon had spread the. Whom worked in the peculiar institution just as good as men era of change,,! Prisons and asylums equality, so they kept the evangelists out discipline of a single,! Also empowered African Americans, free and enslaved emphasizing individual responsibility and the desire to seek perfection rights movement to! ) } & & 420,000\\ throughout the South, the Methodist and Baptist churches were gaining great popularity the... The message of spiritual equality, and express themselves as spiritual equals, slaves attended camp meetings free black.... Episcopal church where Vesey preached was destroyed abolitionists such as the Republic of Maryland Mississippi.