Typical delays in communication were about 0.5 seconds. Plum Brook is part of the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center and is home to unique world-class facilities that conduct critical and innovative tests for the international aerospace community. Using the scientific process, any hypothesis that is contradicted by the observable facts may be rejected. Some conspiracists have suggested that Starfish Prime (a high-altitude nuclear test in 1962) formed another intense layer on the Van Allen belt.[82]. It has served a number of functions over the years, and some facilities have been decommissioned, including the Plum Brook Nuclear Reactor, which NASA once used for space-related nuclear energy research and development. NASA raised "about US$30 billion" to go to the Moon, and Kaysing claimed in his book that this could have been used to "pay off" many people. 2023 Atlas Obscura. More by Dan Leone. We will get in touch with you shortly. [135] This computer had 96kB of memory. All rights reserved. 10. [160] The telescope was used to image the Moon and provided a resolution of 130 meters (430ft), which was not good enough to resolve the 4.2 meters (14ft) wide lunar landers or their long shadows.[161]. Plum Brook Station is the 2590 hectare (6400 acre) field station of NASA Glenn Research Center. In northern Ohio, the glorious past of America's trains is on full display. Nevertheless, the claim was taken up in earnest;[144] Clyde Lewis used it almost word-for-word,[143] whereas Jay Weidner gave the brother a more senior status within the party: No one knows how the powers-that-be convinced Kubrick to direct the Apollo landings. [120], In July 2009, NASA indicated that it must have erased the original Apollo 11 Moon footage years ago so that it could re-use the tape. [159] "Given SMART-1's initial high orbit, however, it may prove difficult to see artifacts," said Foing in an interview on space.com. "Moon hoax" redirects here. Dan Leone is a SpaceNews staff writer, covering NASA, NOAA and a growing number of entrepreneurial space companies. Copies of those tapes have been found.[120]. And at the Mechanical Vibration Facility, spacecraft launch conditions can be tested in what is the worlds most powerful spacecraft shaker system. [41] In fact, the ending of the landings was not "sudden" (see Space Race above). Glenn began making plans to remove a number of its old test sites, including the Rocket Systems Area at Plum Brook. The conspiracy would have to involve more than 400,000 people who worked on the Apollo project for nearly ten years, the 12 men who walked on the Moon, the 6 others who flew with them as command module pilots, and another 6 astronauts who orbited the Moon. These may be labeled studio props. The worlds most powerful spacecraft acoustic test chamber, its capable of simulating the noise of a spacecraft launch up to 163 decibels, or as loud as the thrust of 20 jet engines. Baron was a quality control inspector who wrote a report critical of the Apollo program and was an outspoken critic of NASA's safety record after the Apollo 1 fire. ), Conspiracy theorists claim that NASA faked the landings to avoid humiliation and to ensure that it continued to get funding. Some of the facilities, most of which date back to the 1960s, are so rundown they require millions of dollars in repairs costs that must be borne by prospective customers who show no sign of materializing, the IG wrote. ", "Clavius: Bibliography una ronald and the coke bottle", "Clavius: Photo Analysis buzz's hot spot", "A Detailed Look at the Camera Gear Behind the Historical Apollo 11 Moon Landing", "How NASA Broadcast Neil Armstrong Live from the Moon", "Clavius: Environment radiation and the van allen belts", "Van Allen Probes Discover a New Radiation Belt", "Radiation Protection and Instrumentation", "Phenomenology of soil erosion due to rocket exhaust on the Moon and the Mauna Kea lunar test site", "Clavius: Bibliography cosmic dave's 32 questions", "Clavius: Bibliography the Collier article", "One giant blunder for mankind: how NASA lost moon pictures", "The Search for the Apollo 11 SSTV Tapes", "The GSFC Scientific Data Storage Problem", "The Apollo 11 Telemetry Data Recordings: A Final Report", "NASA lost moon footage, but Hollywood restores it", "Apollo 11 Partial Restoration HD Video Streams", "Clavius: Technology beating the Soviets", "Women in Space Part One, Female Firsts in Flight for Space Exploration and Research", "Xerox commercial from 1972 shows the computer as your personal assistant", "Your smartphone is millions of times more powerful that all of NASA's combined computing in 1969", "What It's Like to Be a Moon Landing Conspiracist in 2019", "Comments on the Fox special on the Hoax", "NASA Apollo Mission Apollo-1 Baron Report", "Did U.S. Astronauts Really Land on the Moon", "Clavius: Bibliography the Kubrick article", "How Stanley Kubrick Faked the Apollo Moon Landings", "Faked Moon Landings and Kubrick's 'The Shining', "Moon Landings 'Fake': Shock video shows 'Stanley Kubrick' admit historic event was 'HOAX', "Apollo 15 Landing Site Spotted in Images", "Can we see Apollo hardware on the Moon? It spotted traces of the Apollo landings. Their flight paths were tracked using radar and they were sighted and photographed using telescopes. Enlargement of a poor-quality 1998 scan both the crosshair and part of the red stripe have "bled out", Enlargement of a higher-quality 2004 scan crosshair and red stripe visible, David Scott salutes the American flag during the Apollo 15 mission. M113751661L", "Apollo Moon flags still standing, images show", "American Flags From Apollo Missions Still Standing", "The Flat-out Truth: Earth Orbits? In this image, the Earth is lit by moonlight, not sunlight. In terms of spacecraft hours, the USSR had 460 hours of spaceflight; the United States had 1,024 hours. In a cavernous structure at NASA's Plum Brook Station near Lake Erie, a concrete chamber five stories high rises from the ground. Nafzger praised Lowry for restoring "crispness" to the Apollo video, which will remain in black and white and contains conservative digital enhancements. The problem is that nobody has yet committed to testing an engine at B-2. The many allegations in Kaysing's book effectively began discussion of the Moon landings being faked. Plum Brook Station is located about eight miles from Sandusky, Ohio. [185] Officials of the Fox network said that such skepticism rose to about 20% after the February 2001 airing of their network's television special, Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?, seen by about 15 million viewers. Every weekday we compile our most wondrous stories and deliver them straight to you. Says This Prophet", "Moon Hoax Moonmovie.com Frequently Asked Questions", "Russia's space command and control infrastructure", Apollo 18 through 20 The Canceled Missions, "Could moon landings have been faked? The radio telescope at Parkes Observatory in Australia was able to receive the telemetry from the Moon at the time of the Apollo 11 moonwalk. The Apollo 16 crew could not have survived a big solar flare firing out when they were on their way to the Moon. It shows the Earth with the correct background of stars, Long-exposure photo (1.6 seconds at f/2.8, ISO 10000) from the ISS in July 2011 of Space Shuttle Atlantis re-entry in which some stars are visible. Offer available only in the U.S. (including Puerto Rico). The astronauts could not have survived the trip because of exposure to radiation from the Van Allen radiation belt and galactic ambient radiation (see radiation poisoning and health threat from cosmic rays). [186] This Fox special is seen as having promoted the hoax claims. [136] Most personal computers as of 2019, use 50,000100,000 times this amount of RAM. The 2015 movie Moonwalkers is a fictional account of a CIA agent's claim of Kubrick's involvement. NASAs astrophysics department plans to test high-altitude balloons in the chamber, and the U.S. Army plans to test components for unmanned aerial vehicles there, according to the IG. After that was cancelled in 1961, it became the primary NASA facility for space-related nuclear energy research and development. This would have been an intolerable embarrassment to Mr. Kubrick, especially since the release of Dr. Strangelove. [115][116] Apollo 11 data tapes containing telemetry and the high-quality video (before scan conversion from slow-scan TV to standard TV) of the first moonwalk are also missing. The flag placed on the surface by the astronauts fluttered despite there being no wind on the Moon. [150], In 2002, NASA granted US$15,000 to James Oberg for a commission to write a point-by-point rebuttal of the hoax claims. The combination of the Lewis Field and Plum Brook locations comprise over 6,800 acres of land and include 450 research and test facilities. In 2002, Alex R. Blackwell of the University of Hawaii pointed out that some photos taken by Apollo astronauts[158] while in orbit around the Moon show the landing sites. This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A-3 was to be the high-altitude test site for the mothballed J-2X upper-stage engine, designed to power the Ares 5 cargo launcher canceled along with Constellation. Landing on the Moon was viewed as a national and technological accomplishment that would generate world-wide acclaim. Page Last Updated: September 28, 2021, 21000 Brookpark RoadCleveland, OH 44135(216) 433-4000. NASA refers to the rocks and particles collected from the Moon as being evidence of the program's legitimacy, as they claim that these rocks could not have been formed under conditions on Earth. [145], In July 2009, Weidner posted on his webpage "Secrets of the Shining", where he states that Kubrick's The Shining (1980) is a veiled confession of his role in the scam project. On the demolition front, although Plum Brook has torn down 18 buildings and structures since 2012 reducing the annual maintenance costs in the process there is still a backlog of repairs Glenn has put off at the Sandusky campus because it does not have the roughly $55 million it would cost to undertake them, according to the IG. Oberg says that belief in the hoax theories is not the fault of the conspiracists, but rather that of teachers and people (including NASA) who should provide information to the public. 7. A remote Ohio facility used to test NASA's new moon-bound spacecraft has been renamed for the first astronaut to step foot on the lunar surface. By 1977 the Hare Krishna magazine Back to Godhead called the landings a hoax, claiming that, since the Sun is 150millionkm (93millionmi) away, and "according to Hindu mythology the Moon is 800,000 miles [1,300,000km] farther away than that", the Moon would be nearly 151millionkm (94millionmi) away; to travel that span in 91 hours would require a speed of more than a million miles per hour, "a patently impossible feat even by the scientists' calculations. She also said that several letters appeared in The West Australian discussing the Coca-Cola bottle incident within ten days of the lunar landing.[71]. Down in the O&C Building at KSC, the EM-1 Orion spacecraft hardware has almost completed standalone testing. The air conditioning units that were part of the astronauts' spacesuits could not have worked in an environment of no atmosphere.[109]. Rule 2 does not apply when replying to this stickied comment.. Rule 2 does apply throughout the rest of this thread.. What this means: Please keep any "meta" discussion directed at specific users, mods, or r/conspiracy in general in this comment chain only.. [44] They show that NASA's portrayal of the Moon landing is fundamentally accurate, allowing for such common mistakes as mislabeled photos and imperfect personal recollections. At a press conference Thursday, Marvel Studio officials said Plum Brook played a vital role in bringing the movie to Ohio. The Plum Brook Reactor was a NASA 60 megawatt water-cooled and moderated research nuclear reactor, [1] [2] located in Sandusky, Ohio, 50 mi west of the NASA Glenn Research Center (at that time the NASA Lewis Research Center) in Cleveland, of which it was organizationally a part. [6], An early and influential book about the subject of a Moon-landing conspiracy, We Never Went to the Moon: America's Thirty Billion Dollar Swindle, was self-published in 1976 by Bill Kaysing, a former US Navy officer with a Bachelor of Arts in English. NASA Glenn's Space Power Facility in Sandusky, Ohio, contains the world's largest space simulation chamber. Note the near-transparency of the exhaust, even in air (water is being sprayed up from below), Atlas uses non-hypergolic kerosene (RP-1) fuel which gives a bright and very visible exhaust, 1.5MN (340,000lbf) of thrust, Bright flame from first stage of the Saturn V, burning RP-1, 3. Measuring 100' in diameter and 122' high, it was ideal for testing the Mars lander systems and International Space Station hardware. 1. Engineers carefully deactivated the facilities in such a way that they could be restored in the future. The tapes contain the original and highest quality video feed from the Apollo 11 landing. A propulsion engine testbed that paved the way for the Space Shuttle launch sits without recognition at this rocket center. Why was this fact never dicussed [sic] in the press or by the astronauts? 2. Furthermore, NASA and others say that these gains by the Soviets are not as impressive as they seem; that a number of these firsts were mere stunts that did not advance the technology greatly, or at all, e.g., the first woman in space. [3] The station included several large test facilities besides the reactor, including liquid hydrogen facilities for development and testing of the Centaur upper stage. Learn about the history and craftsmanship of carousels inside this museum located in a former post office. Despite the undeniably impressive facilities at Plum Brook, the station has its problems. The Neil A. Armstrong Test Facility (formerly known as Plum Brook Station) is part of NASAs Glenn Research Center in Ohio. Winner will be selected at random on 04/01/2023. Motivation for the United States to engage the Soviet Union in a Space Race can be traced to the then on-going Cold War. In December 2009 NASA issued a final report on the Apollo 11 telemetry tapes. The facility's decommissioning began in 1998, and the last of its structures was demolished in May 2012. Consider supporting our work by becoming a member for as little as $5 a month. Kubrick did hire Frederick Ordway and Harry Lange, both of whom had worked for NASA and major aerospace contractors, to work with him on 2001. [151] Oberg said that he meant to finish the book. While the LRO images have been enjoyed by the scientific community as a whole, they have not done anything to convince conspiracists that the landings happened. And considering the cost of maintaining them, this was no small issue. [33] Since most conspiracists believe that sending men to the Moon was impossible at the time,[34] they argue that landings had to be faked to fulfill Kennedy's 1961 goal, "before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. [Meta] Sticky Comment. In August 2021, the facility was renamed to honor Apollo astronaut and Ohio native Neil Armstrong. The war was one of several federal budget items with which NASA had to compete; NASA's budget peaked in 1966, and fell by 42% by 1972. Plum Brook is situated on 6,400 acres in Sandusky and is home to some of the world's most powerful space simulation chambers that support the Artemis mission to return to the moon, making this. The fact sheet was reissued on February 14, 2001, the day before Fox television's broadcast of Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon? [163] The photos show the descent stage of the landers from each mission on the Moon's surface. For example, 2001 was released before the first Apollo landing and Kubrick's depiction of the Moon's surface differs greatly from its appearance in the Apollo footage. [195], There are subcultures worldwide which advocate the belief that the Moon landings were faked. See. The job placement activities went well, but the attempts to elicit outside interest in Plum Brook failed. 3. [117] The Apollo 11 telemetry tapes were different from the telemetry tapes of the other Moon landings because they contained the raw television broadcast. In addition, NASA has set aside $1 million to seed development of a wind-turbine farm at Plum Brook, which could produce up to 20 megawatts of electricity, Whitlow said. The arms of the crosshair are washed-out on the white stripes of the flag (Photo ID: AS15-88-11863), Close-up of the flag, showing washed-out crosshairs. Because von Braun was a former SS officer (though one who had been detained by the Gestapo),[170] the documentary film Did We Go? One rebuttal by Sibrel to this claim is that NASA had compartmentalized all of the work on the Apollo program. Nevertheless, Opration Lune is still taken at face value by some conspiracy believers. The reactor was originally planned for the NACA nuclear airplane project. [130][131] In fact, by the time of the launch of the first crewed Earth-orbiting Apollo flight (Apollo 7), the USSR had made only nine spaceflights (seven with one cosmonaut, one with two, one with three) compared to 16 by the United States. The Apollo samples are easily distinguishable from both meteorites and Earth rocks[6] in that they show a lack of hydrous alteration products, they show evidence of having undergone impact events on an airless body, and they have unique geochemical traits. Parkes supposedly had the clearest video feed from the Moon, but Australian media and all other known sources ran a live feed from the United States. An episode of MythBusters in August 2008 was dedicated to the Moon landings. I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. The Apollo 15 retroreflector was deployed on July 31, 1971, and was detected by McDonald Observatory within a few days. At least some of the telemetry tapes from the ALSEP scientific experiments left on the Moon (which ran until 1977) still exist, according to Dr. Williams. Instead, far from calling the landings a hoax, the third edition (19701979) of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (which was translated into English between 1974 and 1983 by Macmillan Publishers, and was later made available online by TheFreeDictionary.com[22]) contained many articles reporting the landings as factual, such as its article on Neil Armstrong. This number includes the crews of Apollos 8, Faked Moon Landing Hidden Subliminal Messages in Stanley Kubrick's Movie 'The Shining', Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 00:31, "On Eagle's Wings: The Parkes Observatory's Support of the Apollo 11 Mission", Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex, Apollo astronauts who flew to the Moon without landing, Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings, Apollo missions tracked by independent parties, Moon landing conspiracy theories in popular culture, List of topics characterized as pseudoscience, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "NASA Spacecraft Images Offer Sharper Views of Apollo Landing Sites", "LRO slewed 19 down-Sun allowing the illuminated side of the still standing American flag to be captured at the Apollo 17 landing site. The deaths were an accident. During the period 1961 to 1972, at least eight Soviet serving and former cosmonauts died: Additionally, the overall chief of their crewed-spaceflight program, Sergei Korolev, died while undergoing surgery in January 1966. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}412309N 824059W / 41.38585N 82.68293W / 41.38585; -82.68293. + NASA Home > Centers > Glenn Home > About Glenn > Testfacilities Experimental efforts included scientific and technical investigations of nuclear energy for spaceflight propulsion, nuclear power systems, and radiation exposure. Some still think so", "Solar corona photographed from Apollo 15 one minute prior to sunrise", "Goddard's Journal: Are Apollo Moon Photos Fake? 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