B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. The Second War Powers Act of 1942 (56 Stat. Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? D. flying more successful bombing missions over Japan than any other pilot in the war. D. Students reflect on, gather evidence for, and discuss the unit writing prompt in its entirety. Those who have committed crimes against peace, war crimes, or non-political crimes outside of their country of refuge, are not eligible for refugee status. A) The United States did not want to worsen diplomatic relations with the Nazis. American neutrality in the first years of the war in Europe. Several bills were introduced to aid refugees; many more were introduced to curb or end immigration. The Johnson-Reed Act also mandated that potential immigrants present their paperwork and receive US immigration visas at consulates abroad, prior to leaving for the United States. While the Nazis took control of Germany and planned for war in Europe, Japan aggressively expanded its control of territory in east Asia by invading Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937. . The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. c.) Why were Jewish refugees on the ocean liner St. Louis turned away while trying to enter the United States in 1939? A. collect money for the war effort through the sale of war bonds. C) the prohibition of dictatorships like the Soviet Union. d.) A. D. forcing Italy to surrender and change sides. A. the Atlantic Charter The 1951 Convention defines the obligations of signatory nations to refugees, and vice versa. D.Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war first. D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. For most Jewish refugees, the new paperwork combined with the lack of access to American diplomats ended their hope of immigration to the United States. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. c.) A. new Geneva Convention agreements about prisoners. A. On December 7, 1941 Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, inflicting heavy casualties and severe damage to the United States naval forces anchored there. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. A. Japanese attacks on U.S. ships trading with China. B. the enforced rationing of consumer goods. None passed. American soldiers could not get close enough to Japan to launch an effective invasion. B. Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the war in the Pacific in August. D. through the enlistment of volunteers to work government jobs. The Act, which authorized 200,000 displaced persons to enter the United States, "mortgaged" the still-extant . B. the refusal of the U.S. to trade any natural resources with Japan. In the end, the United States was forced into the war on December 7th, 1941 when Japan surprise attack the United States at Pearl Harbor. Japan targeted civilian populations when they dropped bombs on the Allied Powers. A. gave orders to surrender. A. B. Interventionists thought aid would bring us into war; isolationists thought aid would keep us out of the war. . B) The Nazi racial classification laws were officially put into effect. What was the effect of Hitler's blitzkrieg tactics? As a consequence, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American women became more aggressive in trying to win their full freedoms and civil rights as guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution during the postwar era. C. D. All of Germany's European Axis allies participated to some degree in the persecution and murder of Jews during the Holocaust. Lend-lease was the term popularly given to the US policy of extending material aid to the Allies before and after the United States entered World War II. D. The Bataan Death March foreshadowed On July 1, 1941, the same day that the new relatives rule went into effect, the State Department centralized all alien visa control in Washington. "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car. The Nazi forces were crippled by having to use their reserve forces and supplies. How long did it take for the value of U.S. imports to double after World War II? A. defectors from the Soviet Union. In 1921 and 1924, the US Congress passed immigration laws that severely limited the number and national origin of new immigrants. D) the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. A. through the sale of government issued war bonds On December 11, 1941, Germany responded by declaring war on the United States, bringing American military forces into the European and Pacific conflicts on a global scale. Select an argument used to oppose U.S. involvement in World War II. C. make certain that the United States would stay neutral. The act was meant to solve the midnight races problem and establish a more permanent immigration law. all of Japan's aircraft carriers were mistakenly directed to Guam. D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. What was the main result of the Wannsee Conference in January 1942? ", b.) World War II started on September 1, 1939, with the German invasion of Poland. ", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. C. How did the United States government and American people respond to Nazism? To secure an unconditional surrender from Japan, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of _____ and B. was killed by Soviet troops. Why is Frank hopeful that the Nazi reign will end? Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of African Americans after the United States entered World War II. A) the Axis pushed back the Allied advance from the Soviet Union. Examine the history of the United States' entrance into World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor. Before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, Americans were seriously divided over what the role of the United States in the war should be, or if it should even have a role at all. He wanted to keep the other Allies busy so he could divide Eastern Europe as he saw fit. A. African American workers were paid the same wages as whites. b.) A. dying in action while leading his troops to victory at Iwo Jima. Nazi Germany declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941. B) about 10 years D. He thought that the United States would try to establish a permanent military presence in Western Europe. Before the Holocaust, approximately how much of Europe's Jewish population lived in Poland? d.) retroactively revoked their citizenship. To show unity among world powers Five other European states joined the Axis alliance during World War II. expand world trade through the reduction of tariffs. "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." "The U.S. manufacturing sector produced less than the Axis powers did." Q. B. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. Both collections are included in this presentation. D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. Had this amendment been enacted, American response to the refugee crisis in the 1930s may have been quite different. B) setting up a National Holocaust Museum. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, a territory of the US. How did the bombing of Pearl Harbor lead to the entry of the United States into a war against Germany? The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced legislation in both houses of Congress that would allow 20,000 German refugee children under the age of 14 into the country over two years outside of the immigration quotas. On May 19, 1921, President Warren Harding signed the Quota Act of 1921 (also known as the Emergency Quota Act). "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage. Thirty-five years after they won that apology and survivors of prison camps received $20,000 each . "President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." "The government issued a defense contract with our company, but we were not guaranteed a profit." Industry stopped . After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor. After World War II, the United States of America entered a period of material abundance, caused largely by increased production. Immigrants from the Western Hemisphere, needed for US labor, were non-quota arrivals, exempted from the quota system. C. the military did not expand quickly until after the creation of the draft. B. the economy failed to improve. "Although our wages were far lower, we earned more money than we ever had before in the workplace. C. The safety of Japanese Americans was threatened because most of the Japanese American community lived in war zones. C. It gave Germany new territory as the Soviets tried to appease Hitler. B. the Munich Pact In March 1980, Congress passed the Refugee Act of 1980, expressing that it is the historic policy of the United States to respond to the urgent needs of persons subject to persecution in their homelands. The Act laid out the procedures for the admission of refugees into the United States and how the US would fulfill its obligations as a signatory of the United Nations Refugee Protocol. What did the dictators of totalitarian systems have in common? a.) Draw two lines under each verb. Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps as a result of Executive Order 9066, which Hence, the sudden attack almost shocked the entire United States. A. acknowledged Why did the Allies decide to wage a campaign in North Africa rather than the European mainland? They were historically significant. 1,584cc air-cooled OHV flat 4-cylinder engine Single Solex 34 PICT 3 carburetor 46bhp at 4,000rpm 4-speed manual transmission 4-wheel independent suspension 4-wheel hydraulic drum brakes *Lots of dealer installed options *Complete with top, side curtains, and wooden floormats *Nary a more perfect summer ride exists The Type 181The Thing Volkswagen's "Thing" had its roots in a military . Usually it refers to the period when the United States and other members of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) joined the forces with the Republic of South Vietnam to contest communist forces, comprised of South Vietnamese guerrillas and regular-force units, generally known as Viet Cong (VC), and . Washington, DC 20024-2126 was able to return its focus to domestic issues. The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention granted legal protection to refugees but placed limitations on qualifying for refugee status. With men off to fight a worldwide war across the Atlantic and the Pacific, women were called to take their place on the production line. There were several well-publicized cases of Japanese American spies being caught operating in the United States. They feature a wide diversity of opinion concerning the war and other social and political issues of the day, such as racial prejudice and labor disputes. B) Many Americans feared the effect of refugees on the strained job market. D. D) all of the Allies suffered economically due to the war. A. A. the Allied naval forces In these past few yearsand, most violently, in the past three dayswe have learned a terrible lesson. C.The German economy was strained, and Hitler began his forced labor camps. Students review the documents and videos from previous lessons and consider what information supports, expands, or challenges their thinking about the essay. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. "Despite wartime mobilization, we continued to feel the negative effects of the Great Depression. "Because taxes on income were lowered for the middle class, the wealthy, like my family, bore the brunt of funding the war effort. b.) D. was assassinated by a group of his own generals. The United States signed the United Nations Refugee Protocol on November 6, 1968. How did the Neutrality Act of 1939 differ from the previous Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in 1935, 1936, and 1937? "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. Then, tell whether the gerund is a subject, a predicate nominative, a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. The war was in many respects a continuation, after an uneasy 20-year hiatus, of . Why was the United States reluctant to launch a land invasion of Japan? In the following sentences, underline the gerund. American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. his heroic conduct in Guam and the Philippines. With the support of President Gerald Ford, Congress passed a law in 1975 to allow more than 130,000 South Vietnamese and Cambodians to enter the United States, and President Jimmy Carter permitted 15,000 refugees who had escaped southeast Asia by boat to become permanent US residents in 1977. Included in this presentation are Pete Seeger's "Dear Mr. President" and "The Martins and Coys.". General Bradley had less experience in launching amphibious attacks. C) victory over Germany and Japan Truman, disappointed by the limited reach of the act, said that he would have vetoed it had Congress been in session, but signed the act so there would be some legislation to aid displaced persons, rather than none. Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to. Many Americans felt he was simply trying to postpone the inevitable war in Europe. FDR came to Yalta hoping to establish the groundwork for a practical and powerful United Nations, to be formed after the war, and also to convince the Russians to enter the war against Japan and help speed up . The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. A portion of this project aimed to create documentary recordings of Americans from around the country who described their lives, sang their songs, and told the stories of their own regions. B.It showed the United States clearly supported the Allies. What was the primary goal of the U.S. strategy of "island hopping" in the Pacific? The relationship between the Allies was complicated by The United States did not sign the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention, instead passing its own set of laws which also aided specific groups of refugees for limited periods of time. How did the Nazi regime differ most from the Japanese government in the 1930s? "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. citizens." b.) What did the existence of kamikaze pilots reveal about the Japanese military? A.Germany was able to take over much of Europe by 1940. Dec. 7. Why did the Allies refuse to bomb railway lines to the Nazi death camps? C. it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive. . "Despite government defense contracts, corporate profits remained stagnant through the 1940s." He died of a brain hemorrhage on April 12,1945. c.) Audie Murphy famously received the Congressional Medal of Honor for In particular, World War II led many women to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. c.) C. A large number of African Americans migrated there from the South to work in the factories. C) the creation of the International Monetary Fund. A combination of presidential directives and congressional legislation aided other specific groups of refugees. B. through the sale of coupon books for consumer goods Why was Roosevelt's "Quarantine" speech in 1937 widely criticized by Americans at the time? buying and selling coupon books for rationed goods. A. limiting further U.S. casualties Wallace would later become a crucial part of the US Navy, and serve as a Corpsman in the Pacific Theater. a.) Building on the economic base left after the war, American society became more affluent in the postwar years than most Americans could have imagined in their wildest dreams before or during the war. Which area on the map received the MOST aid from the U.S. prior to 1942? The new law reflected anti-Catholic, antisemitic sentiment in the country. B) the Axis expanded their control of territory in western Europe. C. . Choose the statement that describes an effect of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. c.) B) the end of World War II. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (known as the Hart-Celler Act), which eliminated the national origins quotas that for 40 years had seriously limited the ability of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, to obtain US immigration visas. a.) World War II is also known as the Second World War and it was a period of intense conflict which officially started on the 1st of September, 1939 and ended on the 2nd of September 1945. D. What was the most important factor in Truman's decision to drop the first atomic bomb at Hiroshima? Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. b.) C. Native Americans recruited from nearby reservations in New Mexico. strategically bombing Germany's major industrial centers. "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. C. After World War II, the American people continued to oppose increased immigration. A. B) the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-45. B. Through the government's bracero program, Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. American officials were concerned that unfriendly governments would use family members as hostages or bargaining chips to coerce immigrants to commit acts of sabotage or espionage. went through a period of economic instability. d) Americans experienced a series of military losses. We are going to win the war and we are going to win the peace that follows. B. instituted the Congress of Racial Equality. C. To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication D. To divide the German army recruit men for the military services. Select an argument used in favor of U.S. involvement in World War II. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the United States for the majority of this time, from 1933 to 1945. Invite students to reflect on why it matters who tells our stories as they view a documentary film about the profound courage and resistance of the Oyneg Shabes in the Warsaw ghetto. The United States officially enters World War I. April 6, 1917: Two days after the U.S. Senate voted 82 to 6 to declare war against Germany, the U.S. House of Representatives endorses the . ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. The project's staff believed that most commercial radio broadcasts of the day were dominated by programs created in the great urban centers and that these programs failed to reflect regional culture, local talent, and, in particular, the voices of the people speaking in their own words. The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined refugee (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), escapee (someone fleeing communism), and expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). D. less expansion, What were Japan's two mistakes in Pearl Harbor? Virtually none of the fighting had taken place on U.S. soil. Experts believe that if Japan didn't attack Pearl Harbor, then America probably would not have been involved in World War II. ensure cooperation between the major powers of the world. Depression; Isolationists thought aid would prolong the Depression. ", c.) B. We are now in the midst of a war, not for conquest, not for vengeance, but for a world in which this Nation, and all that this Nation represents, will be safe for our children. Pages 4 Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." C) Allied Powers agreed to divide Germany into four zones of occupation. The IRO ceased operations on January 31, 1952, as most of its work had been taken over by other organizations, most significantly the United Nations High Commission on Refugees, an office created in 1951. C. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. C. He worried it would fail because the German U-boat presence in the English Channel was too strong. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as, "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. C. Isolationists thought aid would help end the Depression; interventionists thought aid would prolong the Depression. B) the Great Depression destroyed U.S. foreign trade. A. A) the Nazi doctrine of Aryan racial superiority. Dec. 11. Place the events that led up to U.S. involvement in World War II in the correct order, following Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany. Place the events related to World War II in the correct sequence, following the signing of a mutual defense treaty by Japan and Germany. 182, 186) exempted noncitizen service members from naturalization requirements related to age, race, residence, any educational tests, fees . b.) it eliminated Japan's main refueling station for its air force. ", d.) C. through the American Lend-Lease Act D. Visa applications were placed before an interdepartmental review committee consisting of representatives of the Visa Division, Immigration and Naturalization Service, FBI, Military Intelligence Division of the War Department, and the Navy Departments Office of Naval Intelligence. D. the establishment of internment camps for resident aliens. "As the war continued, the economy weakened, leaving most working American families poor." This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. Many Americans feared that he was bringing the country closer to another war in Europe. Why did Roosevelt and the other Allied leaders decide to pursue a "Europe First" strategy in the war? B) World War I and World War II B. separate d.) The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation expired in 1956. It is our obligation to our deadit is our sacred obligation to their children and to our childrenthat we must never forget what we have learned. What position did Eleanor Roosevelt take up after the war? One important effect of the D-Day invasion was that The sketch shown above is of "The Unconquered People," and describes the European resistance to Adolph Hitler and Germany on the part of . They were chosen randomly. B. B. December 8, 1941 - Congress Declares War on Japan. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW By capturing nearby islands, the U.S. could install military bases to keep Japan in check. . 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